《黑暗之魂3》刀、剑武器原型及历史出处解析

双手剑

　　Two-handed Swords双手剑（双巨的原型）

　　The term "two-hander" or "two-handedsword" (espée a deure mains or spada da due mani) was in use asearly as 1400 and is really a classification of sword applied both to Medievalgreat-swords as well Renaissance swords (the true two-handed swords).

　　“双手剑”一词早在1400年出现，并且用于区分中世纪巨剑和文艺复兴时期的双手剑。

　　Such weapons saw more use in the later Middle Ages andearly Renaissance.

　　这种武器多用于中世纪后期和文艺复兴早期。

　　Technically, true two-handed swords (epee's a deuxmain) were actually Renaissance, not Medieval weapons.

　　从技术上讲，真正的双手剑是文艺复兴时期的武器，而不是中世纪的武器。

　　They are really those specialized forms of the later1500-1600's, such as theSwiss/German Dopplehander ("double-hander")or Bidenhander ("both-hander")or Zweihander / Zweyhander are relatively modern not historicalterms.

　　他们是之后1500-1600年代的分化的剑的前身，如瑞士/德国的Dopplehander，Bidenhander，Zweihander等名称。Zweihander这名字其实是后世所后加的而非历史术语。

　　English ones were sometimes referred to as"slaughterswords" after theGermanSchlachterschwerter ("battle swords").

　　英国的双手剑有时是对“屠剑slaughterswords”的称呼，出自德国Schlachter schwerter。（slaughter sword有可能就是Lowlander Sword）

　　These weaponswere used primarily for fighting against pike-squares where they would hackpaths through lobbing the tips off the poles.

　　这些武器主要用于对付长矛方阵。双手剑兵将把矛尖拨开甚至劈断，杀出一条血路。

　　In Germany, England, and elsewhere schools also taughttheir use for single-combat.

　　在德国，英国和其他地方的学校，也教授双手剑兵一对一战斗。

　　In True two-handed swords have compound-hilts withside-rings and enlarged cross-guards of up to 12 inches.

　　真正的双手剑，配有侧环，复合剑柄，和长达30.5厘米的放大版剑格。

　　Most havesmall, pointed lugs or flanges protruding from their blades 4-8 inches belowtheir guard.

　　大多双手剑的剑格下方10-20厘米处有突出的凸缘。

　　These parrierhaken or "parryinghooks" act almost as a secondary guard for the ricasso to prevent otherweapons from sliding down into the hands.

　　这些锚爪或者叫“格挡钩”几乎作为ricasso（ricasso即剑身靠近柄的不开刃处）的第二剑格，以防止其他武器劈到手。

　　They make up for the weapon's slowness on the defenceand can allow another blade to be momentarily trapped or bound up. They canalso be used to strike with.

　　这个设计弥补了双手剑防守动作缓慢的缺陷，并且可以让敌方的剑被暂时地困住。也能用来打击。

　　The most well-known of "twa handit swordis" isthe Scottish Claymore (Gaelic for "claidheamh-more" orgreat-sword) which developed out of earlier Scottish great-swords with whichthey are often compared.

吖我拜年剑法

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